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1 verification of powers
Юридический термин: проверка полномочийУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > verification of powers
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2 verification of powers
Politics english-russian dictionary > verification of powers
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3 verification of powers
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4 verification of powers
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5 verification of powers
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > verification of powers
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6 verification of powers
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > verification of powers
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7 verification
проверка; контроль; верификация, удостоверение• -
8 verification
n1) проверка; контроль; удостоверение2) юр. засвидетельствование
- delivery verification
- detailed verification
- physical verification
- signature verification
- verification of accounts
- verification of authenticity of bank notes
- verification of a bill
- verification of credit cards
- verification of credit standing
- verification of evidence
- verification of financial position
- verification of forecast
- verification of genuineness of signature
- verification of an invoice
- verification of powers
- verification of a signature
- after verification
- in verification of the accountEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > verification
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9 verification
підтвердження (доказ) обґрунтованості; засвідчення (в тому числі документа, підпису тощо); контроль, перевірка, інспекція; звірення- verification of flag
- verification of powers
- verification stamp
- verification of stamp duty -
10 verification
1) проверка; сверка2) удостоверение; подтверждение; подтверждение под присягой3) заверка; засвидетельствование• -
11 verification
[ˌverɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]сущ.1) контроль, проверкаSyn:2)а) удостоверение, подтверждение (подлинности чего-л.)б) юр. подтверждение под присягой3) юр. засвидетельствование4) ратификация -
12 power
n1) сила; мощь; способность2) энергия3) власть, сила4) право, полномочия5) держава•to accord powers to smb — предоставлять полномочия кому-л.
to act outside one's powers — выходить за пределы своих полномочий
to assume power — брать власть в свои руки; приходить к власти
to bolster one's challenge to political power — усиливать свои притязания на политическую власть
to cede power to smb — уступать власть кому-л.
to check a country's power — преграждать путь мощи какой-л. страны
to come to power — приходить к власти; брать власть в свои руки
to concentrate all power in one's hands — сосредоточивать всю полноту власти в своих руках
to confirm smb in power — утверждать чье-л. назначение во главе государства
to delegate powers to smb — передавать / делегировать полномочия кому-л.
to do everything in one's legitimate power — делать все в пределах своей законной власти
to entrench oneself in power — закрепляться у власти
to exclude smb from power — не допускать кого-л. к власти
to exhibit one's full powers — предъявлять свои полномочия
to furnish smb with powers — предоставлять кому-л. полномочия
to gain power — захватывать власть; приходить к власти
to go beyond one's constitutional powers — превышать свои конституционные права
to hand over power to smb — передавать власть кому-л.
to lodge a great deal of power in smb's hands — сосредоточивать большую власть в чьих-л. руках
to lose one's power over smb — утрачивать власть над кем-л.
to preserve one's present power and privilege — сохранять свою власть и привилегии
to put too much power into smb's hands — наделять кого-л. слишком большой властью
to restore smb to power — восстанавливать кого-л. у власти
to share power with smb — разделять власть с кем-л.
to take power into one's hands — брать власть в свои руки
to take over power — приходить к власти; захватывать власть
to take some power away from smb — уменьшать чью-л. власть
to tighten one's grip on power — укреплять свою власть
to transfer power to smb — передавать власть кому-л.
to undermine smb's power — подрывать чью-л. власть
- absolute powerto win power — захватывать / завоевывать власть; приходить к власти
- abuse of power - administering power
- administrative power
- advent of power
- allied powers
- alternation of power
- alternative sources of power
- appointive power
- arrogance of power
- assumption of power
- atomic powers
- authoritarian power
- autocratic power
- Axis Powers - bid for greater powers
- bodies of power
- broad powers
- buying power
- capitalist power
- centralized power
- centrally organized political power
- change of power
- colonial power
- competitive power
- conquest of political power
- constituent power
- constitutional powers
- contender for power - dangerous power
- de facto power - decline in purchasing power - departure from power
- depleted power
- derogation of the powers
- detaining power
- deterrent power
- developing nuclear power
- devolution of power to the regions
- dictatorial powers
- discretionary power
- display of power
- division of power - electric power
- emergency powers
- emerging nuclear power
- Entente powers
- enumerated powers
- equilibrium of power
- executive power
- exercise of the power
- extension in power
- extension of powers
- extensive powers
- extra powers
- extra-constitutional powers
- fall from power
- federally generated power
- foreign power
- full powers
- general powers
- great power
- greater powers
- greater reliance on nuclear power
- grip on power
- handover of power
- hold on power
- imperial power
- imperialist power
- implied powers
- in power
- increased powers
- increased pressure on smb to relinquish power
- industrial power
- inherent powers
- inland power
- invincible power
- jockeying for power
- judicial power
- judiciary power
- labor power
- large powers
- leading power
- legal power
- legislative power
- limited powers
- limitless power
- long run of power
- lust for power
- major power
- majority power
- mandatory powers
- maritime power
- market power
- military power
- misuse of power
- monopoly of power
- monopoly power
- motive power
- naval power
- non-nuclear power
- nuclear power
- occupying power
- official powers - overthrow of smb's power
- Pacific power - peaceful transfer of power
- peace-loving power
- personal power
- plenary power
- plenipotentiary power
- political power
- popular power
- power has passed out of the hands of a party
- power is ebbing
- power of attorney
- power of influence
- power of organization
- power of recognition
- power of the law
- power of the purse
- power to sign
- powers of arrest and interrogation
- powers of internment
- powers of stop and search
- powers of the presidency
- powers that be
- powers to do smth
- principle power
- purchasing power
- push for power
- real power
- real purchasing power
- redistribution of power
- reduction in purchasing power
- reduction of smb's power
- regional power
- reins of power
- removal from power
- reserved power
- resurgence of military power
- retaliatory power
- return to power
- revolutionary power
- rise of power
- road to power
- royal power - signatory power
- source of power
- space power
- special powers
- specific powers
- state power
- strengthening of the economic and defense power of the state
- strengthening of the power
- strong executive powers
- struggle for power
- succession to power
- supreme power
- surrender of powers to smb
- sweeping powers
- switch of power from... to...
- the dollar's holding power
- the main power behind the throne
- third power
- time in power
- too much power is invested in the president
- trading power
- transfer of power to smb
- transforming power
- transition of power
- treaty-making power
- tutelary power
- under existing powers
- unlimited power
- untrammeled power
- unwarranted power
- usurpation of power
- vast powers
- verification of powers
- vested with broad powers
- veto powers
- victorious powers
- war powers
- Western Powers
- wide powers
- with deciding voting power
- world power -
13 power
n1. сила, влада2. держава3. pl повноваження- absolute power абсолютна/ верховна влада- acceding powers держави, що приєдналися (до договору, протоколу)- colonial power колоніальна держава- dual power двовладдя- emergency powers надзвичайні повноваження- exceptional powers виключні повноваження- executive power виконавча влада- great powers (the) великі держави- judicial power судова влада- large powers широкі повноваження- leading power (the) провідні держави- legislative power законодавча влада- major power велика держава- maritime power морська держава- non-nuclear power неядерна держава- nuclear power ядерна держава- official powers офіційні повноваження- political power політична влада- signatory powers держави, що підписали документ- state power державна влада- veto power право вето- wide powers широкі повноваження- power base амер. політична підтримка при проведенні кампанії тощо- abuse of power зловживання владою- assumption of power захоплення влади- delegation of powers передача повноважень- division of powers розподіл повноважень- verification of powers перевірка повноважень- party in power правляча партія, партія при владі- to be beyond one's powers бути понад чиюсь силу/не під силу- to come to power прийти до влади- to confer the necessary powers to smbd. видати/ надати комусь необхідні повноваження- to delegate one's powers to smbd. передати комусь свої повноваження- to do all in one's power зробити все можливе- to examine the powers перевірити повноваження- to exceed the powers перевищити повноваження- to exercise one's powers здійснювати свої повноваження- to exhibit one's full powers пред'явити свої повноваження- to invest smbd. with full powers наділити/ наділяти когось повноваженнями- to preserve one's powers зберігати свої повноваження- to prolong the powers of parliament продовжити повноваження парламенту- to seize power захопити владу- vested with powers and authority наділений повноваженнями та владою- within one's powers в межах своїх повноважень- delegated powers юр. "даровані повноваження" (повноваження, надані уряду США конституцією і перераховані в перших трьох статтях)- granted powers юр. "даровані повноваження" (повноваження, надані уряду США конституцією і перераховані в перших трьох статтях) -
14 control
1) управління ( діяльність); регулювання, нормування, контроль, нагляд ( за діяльністю тощо); контрольний орган; режим; стримування (в т. ч. злочинності, натовпу), боротьба ( із злочинністю тощо)2) керувати, розпоряджатися; контролювати, нормувати, регулювати; стримувати, обмежувати; спостерігати, здійснювати нагляд•control and verification of the fulfillment of adopted decisions — контроль и перевірка виконання прийнятих рішень
control of administrative action — = control of administrative actions контроль за адміністративними діями
control of administrative actions — = control of administrative action
control the lawful exercise of power — = control the lawful exercise of powers контролювати законність здійснення повноважень
- control a crowdcontrol the lawful exercise of powers — = control the lawful exercise of power
- control a question of law
- control agency
- control an operation
- control and auditing activity
- control and auditing agency
- control and auditing apparatus
- control and auditing body
- control-auditing
- control-auditing activity
- control-auditing agency
- control-auditing apparatus
- control-auditing body
- control-auditing inspectorate
- control authority
- control behavior
- control one's behavior
- control board
- control body
- control center
- control centre
- control committee
- control conduct
- control crime
- control crowd
- control directorate
- control functions
- control human conduct
- control law
- control machinery
- control measure
- control of civil disturbances
- control of property
- control of the observation
- control of the police
- control of the press
- control over cash flows
- control over natural resources
- control over nuclear exports
- control over organized crime
- control over the crime rate
- control pesticide use
- control police activities
- control prices
- control riot
- control riots
- control secret police
- control shot in the head
- control stamp
- control system -
15 Creativity
Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with DisorderEven to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)[P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
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16 delegate
1. n1) делегат; представитель•to appoint a delegate as a nominee — утверждать делегата партийного съезда в качестве кандидата (на пост и т.д.)
to appoint smb (to be) a delegate — назначать кого-л. представителем
to collect 100 delegates — завоевывать / получать голоса 100 делегатов
- block of delegatesto serve as a delegate — быть делегатом (чего-л.)
- card-carrying delegate
- chief delegate
- Chief US Delegate to the UN
- committed delegate
- delegate pledged to a candidate
- delegate with a right to vote
- delegate without a right to vote
- distinguished delegates!
- ex officio delegate
- general delegate
- House of Delegates
- joint delegate
- list of delegates
- observer delegate
- permanent delegate
- plenipotentiary delegate
- unpledged delegate 2. v1) делегировать; посылать; направлять2) делегировать; передавать; уполномочивать•to delegate one's powers to smb — делегировать свои полномочия кому-л.
to delegate one's rights to smb — делегировать / передавать кому-л. свои права
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